|  
               Properties of 
                Synthetic Sapphire and Ruby 
             | 
          
           
            | Generally properties | 
             
               Chemical composition 
             | 
            Al2O3 | 
          
           
            | Crystal structure | 
            Hexagonal | 
          
           
            | Purity | 
            99.99% | 
          
           
            | Thermal properties | 
            Melting point  | 
            2050¡ãC | 
          
           
            | Softening point | 
            1800¡ãC | 
          
           
            | Specific heat | 
            0.18 cal/g.¡ãC (25¡ãC) | 
          
           
            Thermal expansion  
             | 
            Parallel to C-axis: 6.7¡Á10-6/¡ãC | 
          
           
            | Perpendicular to C-axis: 5.0¡Á10-6/¡ãC | 
          
           
            | Thermal conductivity | 
            0.09 cal/sec.cm.¡ãC (25¡ãC) | 
          
           
            | Mechanical properties | 
            Density | 
            3.98--4.1 g/cm3 | 
          
           
            | Hardness Mohs | 
            9 | 
          
           
            | Knoop | 
            1800 face parallel to C-axis | 
          
           
            | 2200 face perpendicular to C-axis | 
          
           
            | Modulus of elasticity  | 
            3.40--3.80¡Á106 kg/cm2 | 
          
           
            | Compressive strength | 
            21000 kg/cm2 | 
          
           
            | Tensile strength | 
            1900 kg/cm2 | 
          
           
            | Bending Strength | 
            4000 kg/cm2 | 
          
           
            | Optical properties | 
             Index of refraction | 
            Parallel to C-axis: 1.769 | 
          
           
            | Perpendicular to C-axis: 1.76 | 
          
           
            | Index of infrared Transmission | 
            83% | 
          
           
            Electrical properties 
             | 
            Electrical resistance | 
            1011 ohm/cm at 500¡ãC | 
          
           
            | 106 ohm/cm at 1000¡ãC | 
          
           
            | 103 ohm/cm at 2000¡ãC | 
          
           
            | Dielectric constant | 
            7.5--10.5 | 
          
           
            | Chemical properties | 
            Acids and alkalis attack | 
            0 £¨300¡ãC£© | 
          
           
            | Porosity | 
            0 | 
          
           
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